ModSecurity模块的安装与规则配置

简介

ModSecurity是一个开源的、跨平台的Web应用防火墙（WAF），被称为WAF界的“瑞士军刀”。它可以通过检查Web服务接收到的数据，以及发送出去的数据来对网站进行安全防护。

功能介绍

• SQL Injection (SQLi)：阻止SQL注入
• Cross Site Scripting (XSS)：阻止跨站脚本攻击
• Local File Inclusion (LFI)：阻止利用本地文件包含漏洞进行攻击
• Remote File Inclusione(RFI)：阻止利用远程文件包含漏洞进行攻击
• Remote Code Execution (RCE)：阻止利用远程命令执行漏洞进行攻击
• PHP Code Injectiod：阻止PHP代码注入
• HTTP Protocol Violations：阻止违反HTTP协议的恶意访问
• HTTPoxy：阻止利用远程代理感染漏洞进行攻击
• Sshllshock：阻止利用Shellshock漏洞进行攻击
• Session Fixation：阻止利用Session会话ID不变的漏洞进行攻击
• Scanner Detection：阻止黑客扫描网站
• Metadata/Error Leakages：阻止源代码/错误信息泄露
• Project Honey Pot Blacklist：蜜罐项目黑名单
• GeoIP Country Blocking：根据判断IP地址归属地来进行IP阻断

安装ModSecurity

安装依赖工具

[root@RockyLinux9 ~]# dnf install -y unzip wget epel-release
[root@RockyLinux9 ~]# dnf install -y gcc-c++ flex bison yajl lua curl-devel curl zlib-devel pcre-devel pcre2-devel libxml2-devel ssdeep-devel libtool autoconf automake make libmaxminddb

# 以下组件无法使用工具安装，请注意devel包与系统中对应组件的版本一致
[root@RockyLinux9 ~]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/rockylinux/9/devel/x86_64/kickstart/Packages/l/lua-devel-5.4.4-4.el9.x86_64.rpm
[root@RockyLinux9 ~]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/rockylinux/9/devel/x86_64/kickstart/Packages/y/yajl-devel-2.1.0-22.el9.x86_64.rpm
[root@RockyLinux9 ~]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/rockylinux/9/devel/x86_64/kickstart/Packages/l/lmdb-0.9.29-3.el9.x86_64.rpm
[root@RockyLinux9 ~]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/rockylinux/9/devel/x86_64/kickstart/Packages/l/lmdb-devel-0.9.29-3.el9.x86_64.rpm
[root@RockyLinux9 ~]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/rockylinux/9/devel/x86_64/kickstart/Packages/l/libmaxminddb-devel-1.5.2-3.el9.x86_64.rpm
[root@RockyLinux9 ~]# dnf localinstall -y libmaxminddb-devel-1.5.2-3.el9.x86_64.rpm
[root@RockyLinux9 ~]# dnf localinstall -y yajl-devel-2.1.0-22.el9.x86_64.rpm
[root@RockyLinux9 ~]# dnf localinstall -y lmdb-0.9.29-3.el9.x86_64.rpm
[root@RockyLinux9 ~]# dnf localinstall -y lmdb-devel-0.9.29-3.el9.x86_64.rpm
[root@RockyLinux9 ~]# dnf localinstall -y libmaxminddb-devel-1.5.2-3.el9.x86_64.rpm

安装ModSecurity

[root@RockyLinux9 ~]# cd /usr/local/
[root@RockyLinux9 local]# wget https://github.com/owasp-modsecurity/ModSecurity/releases/download/v3.0.12/modsecurity-v3.0.12.tar.gz
[root@RockyLinux9 local]# tar xf modsecurity-v3.0.12.tar.gz
[root@RockyLinux9 local]# mv modsecurity-v3.0.12 modsecurity
[root@RockyLinux9 local]# cd modsecurity
[root@RockyLinux9 modsecurity]# ./configure
[root@RockyLinux9 modsecurity]# make && make install

配置模块ModSecurity-nginx

1. 停止nginx服务

   [root@RockyLinux9 modsecurity]# systemctl stop nginx
   [root@RockyLinux9 modsecurity]# ps -ef|grep nginx

2. 下载ModSecurity-nginx

   [root@RockyLinux9 ~]# cd /usr/local/
   [root@RockyLinux9 local]# wget https://github.com/owasp-modsecurity/ModSecurity-nginx/releases/download/v1.0.3/modsecurity-nginx-v1.0.3.tar.gz
   [root@RockyLinux9 local]# tar xf modsecurity-nginx-v1.0.3.tar.gz
   [root@RockyLinux9 local]# mv modsecurity-nginx-v1.0.3 modsecurity-nginx

3. 查看依赖并重新编译nginx

   [root@RockyLinux9 modsecurity]# cd /root/nginx-1.26.0
   [root@RockyLinux9 nginx-1.26.0]# nginx -V
   # 添加--add-module=ModSecurity-nginx的路径
   [root@RockyLinux9 nginx-1.26.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_v2_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-pcre --with-stream --with-stream_ssl_module --with-stream_realip_module --add-module=/usr/local/modsecurity-nginx
   [root@RockyLinux9 nginx-1.26.0]# make && make instal

4. 启动nginx

   [root@RockyLinux9 nginx-1.26.0]# systemctl start nginx

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[root@RockyLinux9 ~]# cd /usr/local/[root@RockyLinux9 local]# wget https://github.com/owasp-modsecurity/ModSecurity-nginx/releases/download/v1.0.3/modsecurity-nginx-v1.0.3.tar.gz[root@RockyLinux9 local]# tar xf modsecurity-nginx-v1.0.3.tar.gz[root@RockyLinux9 local]# mv modsecurity-nginx-v1.0.3 modsecurity-nginx

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[root@RockyLinux9 modsecurity]# cd /root/nginx-1.26.0[root@RockyLinux9 nginx-1.26.0]# nginx -V# 添加--add-module=ModSecurity-nginx的路径[root@RockyLinux9 nginx-1.26.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_v2_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-pcre --with-stream --with-stream_ssl_module --with-stream_realip_module --add-module=/usr/local/modsecurity-nginx[root@RockyLinux9 nginx-1.26.0]# make && make instal

• 启动nginx

[root@RockyLinux9 nginx-1.26.0]# systemctl start nginx

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[root@RockyLinux9 ~]# cd /usr/local/[root@RockyLinux9 local]# wget https://github.com/owasp-modsecurity/ModSecurity/releases/download/v3.0.12/modsecurity-v3.0.12.tar.gz[root@RockyLinux9 local]# tar xf modsecurity-v3.0.12.tar.gz[root@RockyLinux9 local]# mv modsecurity-v3.0.12 modsecurity[root@RockyLinux9 local]# cd modsecurity[root@RockyLinux9 modsecurity]# ./configure[root@RockyLinux9 modsecurity]# make && make install

配置模块ModSecurity-nginx

• 停止nginx服务

[root@RockyLinux9 modsecurity]# systemctl stop nginx[root@RockyLinux9 modsecurity]# ps -ef|grep nginx

• 下载ModSecurity-nginx

[root@RockyLinux9 ~]# cd /usr/local/[root@RockyLinux9 local]# wget https://github.com/owasp-modsecurity/ModSecurity-nginx/releases/download/v1.0.3/modsecurity-nginx-v1.0.3.tar.gz[root@RockyLinux9 local]# tar xf modsecurity-nginx-v1.0.3.tar.gz[root@RockyLinux9 local]# mv modsecurity-nginx-v1.0.3 modsecurity-nginx

• 查看依赖并重新编译nginx

[root@RockyLinux9 modsecurity]# cd /root/nginx-1.26.0[root@RockyLinux9 nginx-1.26.0]# nginx -V# 添加--add-module=ModSecurity-nginx的路径[root@RockyLinux9 nginx-1.26.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_v2_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-pcre --with-stream --with-stream_ssl_module --with-stream_realip_module --add-module=/usr/local/modsecurity-nginx[root@RockyLinux9 nginx-1.26.0]# make && make instal

• 启动nginx

[root@RockyLinux9 nginx-1.26.0]# systemctl start nginx

模拟XSS攻击

• 模拟测试未启动ModSecurity时的访问效果
  • URL：http://linuxjsz.com/?param="<script>alert(1);</script>

• 创建相关配置文件夹

  [root@RockyLinux9 nginx-1.26.0]# cd /usr/local
  [root@RockyLinux9 local]# mkdir /usr/local/nginx/conf/modsecurity
  # 下载规则文件
  [root@RockyLinux9 local]# wget http://www.modsecurity.cn/download/corerule/owasp-modsecurity-crs-3.3-dev.zip
  [root@RockyLinux9 local]# unzip owasp-modsecurity-crs-3.3-dev.zip
  # 拷贝相关文件
  [root@RockyLinux9 local]# cp -r /usr/local/owasp-modsecurity-crs-3.3-dev/rules/ /usr/local/nginx/conf/modsecurity/
  [root@RockyLinux9 local]# cp /usr/local/owasp-modsecurity-crs-3.3-dev/crs-setup.conf.example /usr/local/nginx/conf/modsecurity/crs-setup.conf
  [root@RockyLinux9 local]# cp /usr/local/modsecurity/modsecurity.conf-recommended /usr/local/nginx/conf/modsecurity/modsecurity.conf
  [root@RockyLinux9 local]# cp /usr/local/modsecurity/unicode.mapping /usr/local/nginx/conf/modsecurity/

• 修改nginx

  • 在http或server段中添加如下内容（http段添加表示全局配置，server段添加表示执行对应网站地址配置）

    [root@RockyLinux9 local]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
    http {
        ...
        modsecurity on;
        modsecurity_rules_file /usr/local/nginx/conf/modsecurity/modsecurity.conf;
        ...
    }

• 修改modsecurity.conf

  [root@RockyLinux9 local]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/modsecurity/modsecurity.conf
      # 修改参数
    7 #SecRuleEngine DetectionOnly
    8 SecRuleEngine On
    9
      # 添加如下内容，加载相关规则及配置  
   10 Include /usr/local/nginx/conf/modsecurity/crs-setup.conf
   11 Include /usr/local/nginx/conf/modsecurity/rules/*.conf

• 重载nginx

  [root@RockyLinux9 local]# nginx -s reload

• 查看浏览器，刷新,发现被拦截了