Spring5新功能

Spring5框架新功能

代码整体基于 Java8，运行时兼容 Java9，代码库中删除了许多不建议使用的类和方法
自带了通用的日志封装：移除了Log4jConfigListener，官方建议使用Log4j2
核心容器支持@Nullable注解
核心容器支持函数式风格GenericApplicationContext
支持整合Junit 5单元测试

整合日志框架

1）引入jar包

<!--注意2.17.1以下的版本会有远程代码执行的安全漏洞，
具体参考Apache官方文档（https://logging.apache.org/log4j/2.x/security.html -->
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
  <artifactId>log4j-api</artifactId>
  <version>2.17.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
  <artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId>
  <version>2.17.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
  <artifactId>log4j-slf4j-impl</artifactId>
  <version>2.17.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
  <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
  <version>1.7.36</version>
</dependency>

2）创建log4j2.xml配置文件，配置日志相关信息

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--日志级别以及优先级排序：OFF > FATAL > ERROR > WARN > INFO > DEBUG > TRACE > ALL -->
<!--Configuration后面的status用于设置log4j2自身内部的信息新出，可以不设置。当设置成trace时，可以看到log4j2内部各种详细输出-->
<configuration status="INFO">
    <!--先定义所有的appender-->
    <appenders>
        <!--输出日志信息到控制台-->
        <console name="Console" target="SYSTEM_OUT">
            <!--控制日志输出的格式-->
            <PatternLayout pattern="%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%t] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n"/>
        </console>
    </appenders>
    <!--然后定义logger，只有定义了logger并引入appender，appender才会生效-->
    <!--root：用于指定项目的根日志，如果没有单独指定logger，则会使用root作为默认的日志输出-->
    <loggers>
        <root level="info">
            <appender-ref ref="Console"/>
        </root>
    </loggers>
</configuration>

随便一段代码，输入以下日志

1	2022-03-11 21:38:41.342 [main] INFO com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource - {dataSource-1} inited

如果将log4j2.xml配置文件级别从INFO改成DEBUG，则会打印更多的底层调用信息

2022-03-11 21:40:41,054 main DEBUG Apache Log4j Core 2.17.2 initializing configuration XmlConfiguration[location=D:\workspace\NOTE_Spring\Spring5_HelloWorld\out\production\Spring5_HelloWorld\log4j2.xml]
2022-03-11 21:40:41,061 main DEBUG PluginManager 'Core' found 127 plugins
2022-03-11 21:40:41,062 main DEBUG PluginManager 'Level' found 0 plugins
2022-03-11 21:40:41,066 main DEBUG PluginManager 'Lookup' found 16 plugins
2022-03-11 21:40:41,069 main DEBUG Building Plugin[name=layout, class=org.apache.logging.log4j.core.layout.PatternLayout].
2022-03-11 21:40:41,092 main DEBUG PluginManager 'TypeConverter' found 26 plugins
2022-03-11 21:40:41,112 main DEBUG PatternLayout$Builder(pattern="%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%t] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n", PatternSelector=null, Configuration(D:\workspace\NOTE_Spring\Spring5_HelloWorld\out\production\Spring5_HelloWorld\log4j2.xml), Replace=null, charset="null", alwaysWriteExceptions="null", disableAnsi="null", noConsoleNoAnsi="null", header="null", footer="null")
2022-03-11 21:40:41,113 main DEBUG PluginManager 'Converter' found 45 plugins
2022-03-11 21:40:41,131 main DEBUG Building Plugin[name=appender, class=org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.ConsoleAppender].
2022-03-11 21:40:41,142 main DEBUG ConsoleAppender$Builder(target="SYSTEM_OUT", follow="null", direct="null", bufferedIo="null", bufferSize="null", immediateFlush="null", ignoreExceptions="null", PatternLayout(%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%t] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n), name="Console", Configuration(D:\workspace\NOTE_Spring\Spring5_HelloWorld\out\production\Spring5_HelloWorld\log4j2.xml), Filter=null, ={})
2022-03-11 21:40:41,145 main DEBUG Starting OutputStreamManager SYSTEM_OUT.false.false
2022-03-11 21:40:41,145 main DEBUG Building Plugin[name=appenders, class=org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.AppendersPlugin].
2022-03-11 21:40:41,148 main DEBUG createAppenders(={Console})
2022-03-11 21:40:41,149 main DEBUG Building Plugin[name=appender-ref, class=org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.AppenderRef].
2022-03-11 21:40:41,155 main DEBUG createAppenderRef(ref="Console", level="null", Filter=null)
2022-03-11 21:40:41,156 main DEBUG Building Plugin[name=root, class=org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.LoggerConfig$RootLogger].
2022-03-11 21:40:41,159 main DEBUG LoggerConfig$RootLogger$Builder(additivity="null", level="INFO", levelAndRefs="null", includeLocation="null", ={Console}, ={}, Configuration(D:\workspace\NOTE_Spring\Spring5_HelloWorld\out\production\Spring5_HelloWorld\log4j2.xml), Filter=null)
2022-03-11 21:40:41,163 main DEBUG Building Plugin[name=loggers, class=org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.LoggersPlugin].
2022-03-11 21:40:41,164 main DEBUG createLoggers(={root})
2022-03-11 21:40:41,165 main DEBUG Configuration XmlConfiguration[location=D:\workspace\NOTE_Spring\Spring5_HelloWorld\out\production\Spring5_HelloWorld\log4j2.xml] initialized
2022-03-11 21:40:41,166 main DEBUG Starting configuration XmlConfiguration[location=D:\workspace\NOTE_Spring\Spring5_HelloWorld\out\production\Spring5_HelloWorld\log4j2.xml]
2022-03-11 21:40:41,166 main DEBUG Started configuration XmlConfiguration[location=D:\workspace\NOTE_Spring\Spring5_HelloWorld\out\production\Spring5_HelloWorld\log4j2.xml] OK.
2022-03-11 21:40:41,168 main DEBUG Shutting down OutputStreamManager SYSTEM_OUT.false.false-1
2022-03-11 21:40:41,169 main DEBUG OutputStream closed
2022-03-11 21:40:41,177 main DEBUG Shut down OutputStreamManager SYSTEM_OUT.false.false-1, all resources released: true
2022-03-11 21:40:41,178 main DEBUG Appender DefaultConsole-1 stopped with status true
2022-03-11 21:40:41,179 main DEBUG Stopped org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.DefaultConfiguration@6e9175d8 OK
2022-03-11 21:40:41,249 main DEBUG Registering MBean org.apache.logging.log4j2:type=18b4aac2
2022-03-11 21:40:41,255 main DEBUG Registering MBean org.apache.logging.log4j2:type=18b4aac2,component=StatusLogger
2022-03-11 21:40:41,258 main DEBUG Registering MBean org.apache.logging.log4j2:type=18b4aac2,component=ContextSelector
2022-03-11 21:40:41,263 main DEBUG Registering MBean org.apache.logging.log4j2:type=18b4aac2,component=Loggers,name=
2022-03-11 21:40:41,266 main DEBUG Registering MBean org.apache.logging.log4j2:type=18b4aac2,component=Appenders,name=Console
2022-03-11 21:40:41,271 main DEBUG org.apache.logging.log4j.core.util.SystemClock does not support precise timestamps.
2022-03-11 21:40:41,278 main DEBUG Reconfiguration complete for context[name=18b4aac2] at URI D:\workspace\NOTE_Spring\Spring5_HelloWorld\out\production\Spring5_HelloWorld\log4j2.xml (org.apache.logging.log4j.core.LoggerContext@1b410b60) with optional ClassLoader: null
2022-03-11 21:40:41,279 main DEBUG Shutdown hook enabled. Registering a new one.
2022-03-11 21:40:41,285 main DEBUG LoggerContext[name=18b4aac2, org.apache.logging.log4j.core.LoggerContext@1b410b60] started OK.
Loading class `com.mysql.jdbc.Driver'. This is deprecated. The new driver class is `com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver'. The driver is automatically registered via the SPI and manual loading of the driver class is generally unnecessary.
2022-03-11 21:40:41.927 [main] INFO  com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource - {dataSource-1} inited
...
2022-03-11 21:40:44,518 pool-1-thread-1 DEBUG Stopping LoggerContext[name=18b4aac2, org.apache.logging.log4j.core.LoggerContext@1b410b60]
2022-03-11 21:40:44,518 pool-1-thread-1 DEBUG Stopping LoggerContext[name=18b4aac2, org.apache.logging.log4j.core.LoggerContext@1b410b60]...
2022-03-11 21:40:44,521 pool-1-thread-1 DEBUG Shutting down OutputStreamManager SYSTEM_OUT.false.false
2022-03-11 21:40:44,522 pool-1-thread-1 DEBUG OutputStream closed
2022-03-11 21:40:44,522 pool-1-thread-1 DEBUG Shut down OutputStreamManager SYSTEM_OUT.false.false, all resources released: true
2022-03-11 21:40:44,522 pool-1-thread-1 DEBUG Appender Console stopped with status true
2022-03-11 21:40:44,523 pool-1-thread-1 DEBUG Stopped XmlConfiguration[location=D:\workspace\NOTE_Spring\Spring5_HelloWorld\out\production\Spring5_HelloWorld\log4j2.xml] OK
2022-03-11 21:40:44,523 pool-1-thread-1 DEBUG Stopped LoggerContext[name=18b4aac2, org.apache.logging.log4j.core.LoggerContext@1b410b60] with status true

上述配置都是自动进行日志输出，那如何手动进行日志输出呢？这里需要用到org.slf4j.LoggerFactory中getLogger()方法，并将当前类型作为参数传入，就可以获取到一个org.slf4j.Logger对象
其中可以调用的日志级别有5种：trace、debug、info、warn、error，分别对应方法
- logger.trace
- logger.debug
- logger.info
- logger.warn
- logger.error

测试代码，这里以常用的info、warn和error级别为例

public class TestLog {
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(TestLog.class);

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        logger.info("This is info log test.");
        logger.warn("This is warn log test.");
        logger.error("This is error log test.");
    }
}

测试结果

1
2
3

2022-03-11 22:01:56.784 [main] INFO  com.vectorx.spring5.s19_log4j2.TestLog - This is info log test.
2022-03-11 22:01:56.789 [main] WARN  com.vectorx.spring5.s19_log4j2.TestLog - This is warn log test.
2022-03-11 22:01:56.789 [main] ERROR com.vectorx.spring5.s19_log4j2.TestLog - This is error log test.

@Nullable注解

@Nullable注解可以用在方法、属性和参数上面，分别表示方法可以为空、属性可以为空、参数可以为空

1）@Nullable注解作用在方法上，方法返回值可以为空
1
2
@Nullable
String getId();
2）@Nullable注解作用在属性上，属性值可以为空
1
2
@Nullable
private ResourceLoader resourceLoader;

3）@Nullable注解作用在参数上，参数值可以为空

1
2
3

public <T> void registerBean(@Nullable String beanName, Class<T> beanClass, @Nullable Supplier<T> supplier, BeanDefinitionCustomizer... customizers) {
    this.reader.registerBean(beanClass, beanName, supplier, customizers);
}

函数式风格

函数式风格创建对象，交给 Spring 进行管理

//1、创建GenericApplicationContext对象
GenericApplicationContext context = new GenericApplicationContext();
//2、调用context的方法进行注册
context.refresh();
context.registerBean(User.class, () -> new User());
//3、获取Spring注册的对象
User user = context.getBean("user", User.class);
System.out.println(user);

运行结果：抛出了NoSuchBeanDefinitionException异常，No bean named 'user' available表明Spring容器中没有名为user的对象

org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No bean named 'user' available
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.getBeanDefinition(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:872)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(AbstractBeanFactory.java:1344)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:309)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:213)
	at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.getBean(AbstractApplicationContext.java:1160)
	at com.vectorx.spring5.s20_functional.TestGenericApplicationContext.test1(TestGenericApplicationContext.java:16)

这是为什么呢？因为我们没有指定被注册对象的name，不像注解式编程中 Spring 会帮我们指定一个以类名首字母小写的name

//1、创建GenericApplicationContext对象
GenericApplicationContext context = new GenericApplicationContext();
//2、调用context的方法进行注册
context.refresh();
context.registerBean("user", User.class, () -> new User());
//3、获取Spring注册的对象
User user = context.getBean("user", User.class);
System.out.println(user);

运行结果

1	com.vectorx.spring5.s20_functional.User@4d95d2a2

还有一种方式，不在注册的时候指定name，而是获取的时候指明类的全路径，即使用类的全限定名

//1、创建GenericApplicationContext对象
GenericApplicationContext context = new GenericApplicationContext();
//2、调用context的方法进行注册
context.refresh();
context.registerBean(User.class, () -> new User());
//3、获取Spring注册的对象
User user = context.getBean("com.vectorx.spring5.s20_functional.User", User.class);
System.out.println(user);

运行结果

1	com.vectorx.spring5.s20_functional.User@4d95d2a2

整合Junit

整合Junit4

1）引入相关的jar包：spring-test和junit4

<dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
  <version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>junit</groupId>
  <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
  <version>4.13.1</version>
  <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

2）创建测试类，使用注解方式完成：@RunWith、@ContextConfiguration和@org.junit.Test

//单元测试框架
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
//加载配置文件 相当于new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring.xml");
@ContextConfiguration("classpath:spring.xml")
public class JTest4 {
    @Autowired
    private TransferRecordService transferRecordService;

    @Test
    public void test() {
        transferRecordService.transferAccounts(100, "Lucy", "Mary");
    }
}

整合Junit5

1）引入相关的jar包

2）创建测试类，使用注解完成：@ExtendWith、@ContextConfiguration和@org.junit.jupiter.api.Test

//单元测试框架
@ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class)
//加载配置文件
@ContextConfiguration("classpath:bean15.xml")
public class JTest5 {
    @Autowired
    private TransferRecordService transferRecordService;

    @Test
    public void test() {
        transferRecordService.transferAccounts(100, "Lucy", "Mary");
    }
}

不过 Spring 中提供了一个更为简单的方式可以简化代码, 使用一个复合注解代替上述两个注解完成整合：@SpringJUnitConfig

//使用复合注解简化写法
@SpringJUnitConfig(locations = "classpath:bean15.xml")
public class JTest5 {
    @Autowired
    private TransferRecordService transferRecordService;

    @Test
   	public void test() {
        transferRecordService.transferAccounts(100, "Lucy", "Mary");
    }
}

未完待续

课程中还介绍了SpringWebFlux模块，由于该知识点需要诸如SpringMVC、SpringBoot等前置知识，所以此章节暂时先告一段落…

总结

Spring5 框架的新功能：

支持整合日志框架log4j2
- 自动记录日志：配置log4j2.xml
- 手动记录日志：LoggerFactory.getLogger
支持@Nullable注解
支持函数式风格
支持整合Junit
- Junit4：@RunWith、@ContextConfiguration、@org.junit.Test
- Junit5：@ExtendWith、@ContextConfiguration、@org.junit.jupiter.api.Test
- 复合注解：@SpringJUnitConfig

导图仅供参考