安装 WSL2

WSL2 在 Windows 上提供 Linux 环境，利用 Hyper-V 和完整的 Linux 内核。由于 WSL2 使用真正的 Linux 内核，而不是原始 WSL 中的系统调用转换，因此支持 Singularity 等容器平台。

按照 WSL2 安装说明在默认的 Ubuntu 20.04 环境中启用 WSL2。在 Windows 11 和 Windows 10 的最新版本上，这就像打开管理员命令提示符或 Powershell 窗口并输入以下内容一样简单：

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wsl --install
wsl --update
# 低版本下需要手动开启
dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:Microsoft-Windows-Subsystem-Linux /all /norestart
dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:VirtualMachinePlatform /all /norestart

按照提示操作。需要重新启动，下载 适用于 x64 计算机的 WSL2 Linux 内核更新包（这一步是将wsl1 更新到 wsl2）

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# 运行上一步中下载的更新包。 （双击以运行 - 系统将提示你提供提升的权限，选择“是”以批准此安装。）
wsl --set-default-version 2

安装ubuntu

20.04（D盘）

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mkdir D:\Linux
cd D:\Linux
# 下载ubuntu20.04 文件有4G多，等一会是正常的  等他下载完即可
Invoke-WebRequest -Uri https://wsldownload.azureedge.net/Ubuntu_2004.2020.424.0_x64.appx -OutFile Ubuntu20.04.appx -UseBasicParsing

Rename-Item .\Ubuntu20.04.appx Ubuntu.zip
Expand-Archive .\Ubuntu.zip -Verbose
cd .\Ubuntu\

# 安装
.\ubuntu2004.exe
Installing, this may take a few minutes...

# 看看自己安装的版本
.\ubuntu2004.exe config --default-user root
wsl -l -v
# wsl后查看linux发行版本信息
lsb_release -a

22.04 LTS

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# 下载 Ubuntu-22.04 LTS 镜像文件 下载的文件是 wsl.rootfs.tar.gz
# 具体版本视系统架构而定 , 例如英特尔及AMD处理器就下载AMD64版
ubuntu-22.04-server-cloudimg-amd64-wsl.rootfs.tar.gz
https://cloud-images.ubuntu.com/releases/
# 将下载的文件放入创建好的目录 D:\Linux\ubuntu_v2204
# 安装ubuntu 22.04
wsl --import Ubuntu-22.04 D:\Linux\ubuntu_v2204 D:\ubuntu-22.04-server-cloudimg-amd64-wsl.rootfs.tar.gz
# 启动 ubuntu
wsl -d Ubuntu-22.04 -u root
# 为 root 设置密码
passwd root
# 添加用户
adduser username             # 添加普通用户 username 是要添加的用户名
usermod -a -G sudo username  # 添加用户 username 到 sudo 组，使其可以执行 sudo 指令
su username                  # 切换到用户 username
passwd                       # 设置用户密码
# 以普通用户启动 ubuntu
wsl -d Ubuntu-22.04 -u username

当您第一次打开“Ubuntu”应用程序时，系统会要求您为 Linux 环境设置用户名和密码。

换源

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# 换成清华源 另外请注意，wsl的Ubuntu证书是过期的，如果你想手动还源的话请记得先更新证书
# 直接在Linux里执行,即可换成清华源
# wget https://gitee.com/lin-xi-269/tools/raw/master/os/QHubuntu20.04 && bash QHubuntu20.04
#阿里源
$ sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse


## 2204  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/ubuntu/
# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse

# 以下安全更新软件源包含了官方源与镜像站配置，如有需要可自行修改注释切换
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse

# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

# 版本更新
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

sudo apt install vim wget curl git -y

将分发设置为默认值

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wsl -l -v
# <DistributionName>  config --default-user root
Ubuntu  config --default-user root
# 将分发设置为默认值
wslconfig /setdefault Ubuntu

打开终端机，输入下指令更新 Ubuntu

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sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade
sudo apt full-upgrade

升级GLIBC高版本

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strings /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 |grep GLIBC_
# 最高只到2.31

# 解决方案:添加一个高级版本系统的源，直接升级libc6.
# 编辑源
sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list
# 添加高版本的源
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main #添加该行到文件
# 运行升级
sudo apt update
sudo apt install libc6

# 查看结果
strings /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 |grep GLIBC_

终端配置

WSL(Ubuntu) 默认终端是 bash， zsh(oh-my-zsh) 功能比 bash 要强大得多，但是配置起来太难了。国外的一个程序员看不下去一直这么单调的 zsh，就开发了 oh my zsh。配置起来，不要太简单。可谓是高档大气上档次，狂拽炫酷吊炸天。

配置为zsh后 ，不要随便卸载，否则登录还是使用/bin/zsh会导致登录不上

卸载zsh

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# 先 cat /etc/passwd 复制到本地备份一下
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/zsh
# 然后 echo "<你修改后的内容>" > /etc/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
# 然后重启sshd service sshd restart 就完事了

安装 zsh

  • 检查环境

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    # 查看当前系统的 shell
    echo $SHELL
    #  查看系统安装的 shell
    cat /etc/shells
    #  安装 zsh 若有 zsh，则切换未 zsh
    chsh -s/bin/zsh

  • WSL(Ubuntu) 默认是未安装 zsh 的，使用以下指令安装并切换:

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    sudo apt-get install zsh -y
    chsh -s /bin/zsh
    exec /bin/zsh

安装 oh my zsh

使用以下指令下载并安装 oh my zsh

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sudo apt install zsh -y
sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/master/tools/install.sh)"

# 国内gitee 安装 oh my zsh
sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://gitee.com/pocmon/ohmyzsh/raw/master/tools/install.sh)"


# bash 切换到 zsh 环境变量丢失问题
# 在~/.zshrc 开头添加一下配置
export PATH=$HOME/bin:/usr/local/bin:$PATH
source $HOME/.bashrc
source $HOME/.bash_profile


# 安装字体 https://github.com/romkatv/powerlevel10k#manual-font-installation


# 更新配置
source ~/.zshrc

❌ 注意：若有人在这里遇到错误：curl: (7) Failed to connect to raw.githubusercontent.com port 443: Connection refused ，那是因为 github 被墙了。解决方法如下（亲测有效）: 输入网址(先确能进 github):https://raw.githubusercontent.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/master/tools/install.sh 进入后是一个文件，将该 .zsh 文件下载下来，保存为 install.zsh到一个目录。接下来在 WSL 进入该目录，执行命令：

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chmod +x install.sh
./install.sh

切换主题

常用命令：

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# 查看 oh my zsh 自带了哪些主题:
ls ~/.oh-my-zsh/themes

# 查看当前主题：robbyrussell
echo $ZSH_THEME

输入以下指令，进入 .zshrc 配置文件。 注意：ZSH_THEME=与主题名之间没有空格！！！

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# 进入 `.zshrc` 后修改 `ZSH_THEME` 为指定主题
# 推荐一些个人觉得好看的主题：robbyrussell,agnoster,muse,af-magic",rkj-repos
sed -i "s/ZSH_THEME=\".*/ZSH_THEME=\"muse\"/g" $HOME/.zshrc
# 设置为随机主题：
ZSH_THEME=random
# 设置为在指定主题间切换：
ZSH_THEME_RANDOM_CANDIDATES=( "robbyrussell" "agnoster" )
# 更新一下缓存
source ~/.zshrc

外部主题

在其仓库wiki中有一些额外的主题, 推荐笔者常用的spaceship主题，安装方法如下：

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# 拉取项目仓库，可以通过上面提到的方法进行加速，此处直接放镜像地址，如果因为时间问题镜像失效，请使用其github官方地址
git clone https://gitee.com/xiaoqqya/spaceship-prompt.git "$ZSH_CUSTOM/themes/spaceship-prompt" --depth=1

# 添加软链接
ln -s "$ZSH_CUSTOM/themes/spaceship-prompt/spaceship.zsh-theme" "$ZSH_CUSTOM/themes/spaceship.zsh-theme"

# 更改主题，按照上面提到的方法在.zshrc配置中修改ZSH_THEME变量为 spaceship，然后重启终端生效
sed -i "s/ZSH_THEME=\".*/ZSH_THEME=\"spaceship\"/g" $HOME/.zshrc
source ~/.zshrc

安装 P10k

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# 安装 P10k
# Gitee 镜像
git clone --depth=1 https://gitee.com/romkatv/powerlevel10k.git ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-$HOME/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/themes/powerlevel10k
# github镜像
git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/romkatv/powerlevel10k.git ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-$HOME/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/themes/powerlevel10k

sed -i 's/ZSH_THEME.*/ZSH_THEME="powerlevel10k\/powerlevel10k"/g' .zshrc
# ZSH_THEME="powerlevel10k/powerlevel10k"
source ~/.zshrc
# 设置 P10k
p10k configure

## 配置参考 New config: ~/.p10k.zsh.
https://gitee.com/luoxian1011/files/raw/master/.p10k.zsh

安装插件

插件与主题一样，同样是在.zshrc文件中进行配置。ohmyzsh默认自带了很多插件放置在~/.oh-my-zsh/plugins目录下面，具体每个插件的作用可以参考其仓库wiki:

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# 查看可用插件
ls ~/.oh-my-zsh/plugins/

默认只启用了git插件,打开~/.zshrc配置文件，找到plugins变量，将您想启用的插件加入进入即可，不通插件名称之间以空格隔开,保存后重开终端或者执行exec $SHELL命令即可生效。除ohmyzsh自带的插件外，您还可以安装一些额外的插件，在其仓库wiki中介绍了一些，可以自行去查看，此处推荐笔者经常使用的插件：

  • zsh-autosuggestions:能在输入命令时根据历史记录提供自动建议的插件
  • zsh-syntax-highlighting 当你输入命令的时候，提供语法高亮的插件
  • conda-zsh-completion 提供conda虚拟环境名称补全的插件
  • pip 为python包管理器pip提供补全
  • ufw 为防火墙管理工具ufw命令提供补全
  • sudo 通过双击Esc键快速为当前命令添加sudo前缀
  • docker 为docker命令添加自动补全支持
  • docker-compose 为docker-compose命令添加自动补全支持
  • extract 一条extract命令解压多种压缩包格式，使用方法：extract <filename>
  • command-not-found 此插件在zsh找不到命令时提供建议的安装包
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# 启用插件
# 拉取项目仓库，可以通过上面提到的方法进行加速，此处直接放镜像地址，如果因为时间问题镜像失效，请使用其github官方地址
git clone https://gitee.com/xiaoqqya/zsh-autosuggestions.git ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/zsh-autosuggestions
git clone https://gitee.com/xiaoqqya/zsh-syntax-highlighting.git ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/zsh-syntax-highlighting
git clone https://gitee.com/xiaoqqya/conda-zsh-completion.git ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/conda-zsh-completion

# 设置zshrc
cat <<EOF >> $HOME/.zshrc
# 关闭 git 显示
SPACESHIP_GIT_SHOW=true
# 关闭 node 显示
SPACESHIP_NODE_SHOW=true
# 关闭 maven 显示
SPACESHIP_MAVEN_SHOW=true
# 关闭 package 显示
SPACESHIP_PACKAGE_SHOW=true

zstyle ':completion:*:*:docker:*' option-stacking yes
zstyle ':completion:*:*:docker-*:*' option-stacking yes
EOF

# 启用插件
sed -i "s/plugins=(git)/plugins=(git sudo zsh-autosuggestions zsh-syntax-highlighting conda-zsh-completion pip ufw docker docker-compose extract command-not-found)/g" $HOME/.zshrc

exec zsh -l

自动安装脚本安装

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### 为了便于安装，笔者将安装 oh-my-zsh 以及常用主题和插件的过程写成了脚本，内容如下： autozsh.bash

#!/bin/bash
if ! which git > /dev/null 2>&1; then
    echo -e "\ngit is not found.\nexit with code 1.\n"
    exit 1
elif ! which curl > /dev/null 2>&1; then
    echo -e "\ncurl is not found.\nexit with code 1.\n"
    exit 1
elif ! which zsh > /dev/null 2>&1; then
    echo -e "\nzsh is not found.\nexit with code 1.\n"
    exit 1
fi

curl -k -sSL https://gitee.com/xiaoqqya/ohmyzsh/raw/master/tools/install.sh | sed "s/\$REMOTE/https:\/\/gitee.com\/xiaoqqya\/ohmyzsh.git/g" | sed "/.*exec zsh.*/d" > $HOME/.temp

cat <<EOF >> $HOME/.temp

git clone https://gitee.com/xiaoqqya/spaceship-prompt.git "\$ZSH/custom/themes/spaceship-prompt" --depth=1
ln -s "\$ZSH/custom/themes/spaceship-prompt/spaceship.zsh-theme" "\$ZSH/custom/themes/spaceship.zsh-theme"
echo -e "\n"

git clone https://gitee.com/xiaoqqya/zsh-autosuggestions.git \${ZSH:-~/.oh-my-zsh}/custom/plugins/zsh-autosuggestions
echo -e "\n"

git clone https://gitee.com/xiaoqqya/zsh-syntax-highlighting.git \${ZSH:-~/.oh-my-zsh}/custom/plugins/zsh-syntax-highlighting
echo -e "\n"

git clone https://gitee.com/xiaoqqya/conda-zsh-completion.git \${ZSH:-~/.oh-my-zsh}/custom/plugins/conda-zsh-completion
EOF

sh $HOME/.temp
rm -rf $HOME/.temp

sed -i "s/ZSH_THEME=\".*/ZSH_THEME=\"spaceship\"/g" $HOME/.zshrc
sed -i "s/plugins=(git)/plugins=(git sudo zsh-autosuggestions zsh-syntax-highlighting conda-zsh-completion pip ufw docker docker-compose extract command-not-found)/g" $HOME/.zshrc

cat <<EOF >> $HOME/.zshrc

# 关闭 git 显示
SPACESHIP_GIT_SHOW=true
# 关闭 node 显示
SPACESHIP_NODE_SHOW=true
# 关闭 maven 显示
SPACESHIP_MAVEN_SHOW=true
# 关闭 package 显示
SPACESHIP_PACKAGE_SHOW=true

zstyle ':completion:*:*:docker:*' option-stacking yes
zstyle ':completion:*:*:docker-*:*' option-stacking yes
export ZSH_COMPDUMP=$ZSH/cache/.zcompdump-$HOST
compinit -d ~/.cache/zsh/zcompdump-$ZSH_VERSION
EOF

exec zsh -l

nvm设置

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# 修改 环境变量
sudo vi ~/.bashrc
# 在最后添加淘宝镜像
cat <<EOF >> $HOME/.zshrc
export NVM_NODEJS_ORG_MIRROR=https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/node/
EOF

source $HOME/.zshrc

Windows Termian

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{
  "$help": "https://aka.ms/terminal-documentation",
  "$schema": "https://aka.ms/terminal-profiles-schema",
  "actions": [
    {
      "command": {
        "action": "copy",
        "singleLine": false
      },
      "keys": "ctrl+c"
    },
    {
      "command": "paste",
      "keys": "ctrl+v"
    },
    {
      "command": {
        "action": "splitPane",
        "split": "auto",
        "splitMode": "duplicate"
      },
      "keys": "alt+shift+d"
    },
    {
      "command": "find",
      "keys": "ctrl+shift+f"
    }
  ],
  "copyFormatting": "none",
  "copyOnSelect": false,
  "defaultProfile": "{ab3373b3-0437-4f68-a6ed-e8bc54754699}",
  "newTabMenu": [
    {
      "type": "remainingProfiles"
    }
  ],
  "profiles": {
    "defaults": {
      "closeOnExit": "graceful",
      "font": {
        "face": "MesloLGS NF",
        "size": 9.0
      },
      "historySize": 9001,
      "opacity": 85,
      "snapOnInput": true,
      "useAcrylic": true
    },
    "list": [
      {
        "guid": "{61c54bbd-c2c6-5271-96e7-009a87ff44bf}",
        "hidden": false,
        "name": "Windows PowerShell"
      },
      {
        "guid": "{0caa0dad-35be-5f56-a8ff-afceeeaa6101}",
        "hidden": true,
        "name": "Command Prompt"
      },
      {
        "guid": "{b453ae62-4e3d-5e58-b989-0a998ec441b8}",
        "hidden": false,
        "name": "Azure Cloud Shell",
        "source": "Windows.Terminal.Azure"
      },
      {
        "colorScheme": "Campbell",
        "commandline": "C:\\WINDOWS\\system32\\wsl.exe -d Ubuntu22.04.3",
        "guid": "{ab3373b3-0437-4f68-a6ed-e8bc54754699}",
        "hidden": false,
        "icon": "ms-appx:///ProfileIcons/{9acb9455-ca41-5af7-950f-6bca1bc9722f}.png",
        "name": "Ubuntu22.04.3",
        "startingDirectory": "~"
      }
    ]
  },
  "schemes": [
    {
      "background": "#0C0C0C",
      "black": "#0C0C0C",
      "blue": "#0037DA",
      "brightBlack": "#767676",
      "brightBlue": "#3B78FF",
      "brightCyan": "#61D6D6",
      "brightGreen": "#16C60C",
      "brightPurple": "#B4009E",
      "brightRed": "#E74856",
      "brightWhite": "#F2F2F2",
      "brightYellow": "#F9F1A5",
      "cursorColor": "#FFFFFF",
      "cyan": "#3A96DD",
      "foreground": "#CCCCCC",
      "green": "#13A10E",
      "name": "Campbell",
      "purple": "#881798",
      "red": "#C50F1F",
      "selectionBackground": "#FFFFFF",
      "white": "#CCCCCC",
      "yellow": "#C19C00"
    },
    {
      "background": "#012456",
      "black": "#0C0C0C",
      "blue": "#0037DA",
      "brightBlack": "#767676",
      "brightBlue": "#3B78FF",
      "brightCyan": "#61D6D6",
      "brightGreen": "#16C60C",
      "brightPurple": "#B4009E",
      "brightRed": "#E74856",
      "brightWhite": "#F2F2F2",
      "brightYellow": "#F9F1A5",
      "cursorColor": "#FFFFFF",
      "cyan": "#3A96DD",
      "foreground": "#CCCCCC",
      "green": "#13A10E",
      "name": "Campbell Powershell",
      "purple": "#881798",
      "red": "#C50F1F",
      "selectionBackground": "#FFFFFF",
      "white": "#CCCCCC",
      "yellow": "#C19C00"
    },
    {
      "background": "#282C34",
      "black": "#282C34",
      "blue": "#61AFEF",
      "brightBlack": "#5A6374",
      "brightBlue": "#61AFEF",
      "brightCyan": "#56B6C2",
      "brightGreen": "#98C379",
      "brightPurple": "#C678DD",
      "brightRed": "#E06C75",
      "brightWhite": "#DCDFE4",
      "brightYellow": "#E5C07B",
      "cursorColor": "#FFFFFF",
      "cyan": "#56B6C2",
      "foreground": "#DCDFE4",
      "green": "#98C379",
      "name": "One Half Dark",
      "purple": "#C678DD",
      "red": "#E06C75",
      "selectionBackground": "#FFFFFF",
      "white": "#DCDFE4",
      "yellow": "#E5C07B"
    },
    {
      "background": "#FAFAFA",
      "black": "#383A42",
      "blue": "#0184BC",
      "brightBlack": "#4F525D",
      "brightBlue": "#61AFEF",
      "brightCyan": "#56B5C1",
      "brightGreen": "#98C379",
      "brightPurple": "#C577DD",
      "brightRed": "#DF6C75",
      "brightWhite": "#FFFFFF",
      "brightYellow": "#E4C07A",
      "cursorColor": "#4F525D",
      "cyan": "#0997B3",
      "foreground": "#383A42",
      "green": "#50A14F",
      "name": "One Half Light",
      "purple": "#A626A4",
      "red": "#E45649",
      "selectionBackground": "#4F525D",
      "white": "#FAFAFA",
      "yellow": "#C18301"
    },
    {
      "background": "#002B36",
      "black": "#002B36",
      "blue": "#268BD2",
      "brightBlack": "#073642",
      "brightBlue": "#839496",
      "brightCyan": "#93A1A1",
      "brightGreen": "#586E75",
      "brightPurple": "#6C71C4",
      "brightRed": "#CB4B16",
      "brightWhite": "#FDF6E3",
      "brightYellow": "#657B83",
      "cursorColor": "#FFFFFF",
      "cyan": "#2AA198",
      "foreground": "#839496",
      "green": "#859900",
      "name": "Solarized Dark",
      "purple": "#D33682",
      "red": "#DC322F",
      "selectionBackground": "#FFFFFF",
      "white": "#EEE8D5",
      "yellow": "#B58900"
    },
    {
      "background": "#FDF6E3",
      "black": "#002B36",
      "blue": "#268BD2",
      "brightBlack": "#073642",
      "brightBlue": "#839496",
      "brightCyan": "#93A1A1",
      "brightGreen": "#586E75",
      "brightPurple": "#6C71C4",
      "brightRed": "#CB4B16",
      "brightWhite": "#FDF6E3",
      "brightYellow": "#657B83",
      "cursorColor": "#002B36",
      "cyan": "#2AA198",
      "foreground": "#657B83",
      "green": "#859900",
      "name": "Solarized Light",
      "purple": "#D33682",
      "red": "#DC322F",
      "selectionBackground": "#073642",
      "white": "#EEE8D5",
      "yellow": "#B58900"
    },
    {
      "background": "#000000",
      "black": "#000000",
      "blue": "#3465A4",
      "brightBlack": "#555753",
      "brightBlue": "#729FCF",
      "brightCyan": "#34E2E2",
      "brightGreen": "#8AE234",
      "brightPurple": "#AD7FA8",
      "brightRed": "#EF2929",
      "brightWhite": "#EEEEEC",
      "brightYellow": "#FCE94F",
      "cursorColor": "#FFFFFF",
      "cyan": "#06989A",
      "foreground": "#D3D7CF",
      "green": "#4E9A06",
      "name": "Tango Dark",
      "purple": "#75507B",
      "red": "#CC0000",
      "selectionBackground": "#FFFFFF",
      "white": "#D3D7CF",
      "yellow": "#C4A000"
    },
    {
      "background": "#FFFFFF",
      "black": "#000000",
      "blue": "#3465A4",
      "brightBlack": "#555753",
      "brightBlue": "#729FCF",
      "brightCyan": "#34E2E2",
      "brightGreen": "#8AE234",
      "brightPurple": "#AD7FA8",
      "brightRed": "#EF2929",
      "brightWhite": "#EEEEEC",
      "brightYellow": "#FCE94F",
      "cursorColor": "#000000",
      "cyan": "#06989A",
      "foreground": "#555753",
      "green": "#4E9A06",
      "name": "Tango Light",
      "purple": "#75507B",
      "red": "#CC0000",
      "selectionBackground": "#555753",
      "white": "#D3D7CF",
      "yellow": "#C4A000"
    },
    {
      "background": "#300A24",
      "black": "#171421",
      "blue": "#0037DA",
      "brightBlack": "#767676",
      "brightBlue": "#08458F",
      "brightCyan": "#2C9FB3",
      "brightGreen": "#26A269",
      "brightPurple": "#A347BA",
      "brightRed": "#C01C28",
      "brightWhite": "#F2F2F2",
      "brightYellow": "#A2734C",
      "cursorColor": "#FFFFFF",
      "cyan": "#3A96DD",
      "foreground": "#FFFFFF",
      "green": "#26A269",
      "name": "Ubuntu-ColorScheme",
      "purple": "#881798",
      "red": "#C21A23",
      "selectionBackground": "#FFFFFF",
      "white": "#CCCCCC",
      "yellow": "#A2734C"
    },
    {
      "background": "#000000",
      "black": "#000000",
      "blue": "#000080",
      "brightBlack": "#808080",
      "brightBlue": "#0000FF",
      "brightCyan": "#00FFFF",
      "brightGreen": "#00FF00",
      "brightPurple": "#FF00FF",
      "brightRed": "#FF0000",
      "brightWhite": "#FFFFFF",
      "brightYellow": "#FFFF00",
      "cursorColor": "#FFFFFF",
      "cyan": "#008080",
      "foreground": "#C0C0C0",
      "green": "#008000",
      "name": "Vintage",
      "purple": "#800080",
      "red": "#800000",
      "selectionBackground": "#FFFFFF",
      "white": "#C0C0C0",
      "yellow": "#808000"
    }
  ],
  "themes": []
}

Centos7下zsh

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yum install zsh
git clone --recursive https://github.com/sorin-ionescu/prezto.git "${ZDOTDIR:-$HOME}/.zprezto"

# 创建文件
setopt EXTENDED_GLOB
for rcfile in "${ZDOTDIR:-$HOME}"/.zprezto/runcoms/^README.md(.N); do
  ln -s "$rcfile" "${ZDOTDIR:-$HOME}/.${rcfile:t}"
done

chsh -s /bin/zsh

WSL配置

设置网络、主机名、开启systemd

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$ sudo vim /etc/wsl.conf
[interop]
appendWindowsPath = false
[network]
generateResolvConf = false
# 设置主机名
hostname=node1
# WSL2 开启Systemd
[boot]
systemd=true
# 设置默认用户
[user]
default=root

设置DNS

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# 临时设置
# $ sudo vim /etc/resolv.conf
# nameserver 114.114.114.114
echo "nameserver 114.114.114.114" > /etc/resolv.conf


# 永久设置
cat <<EOF >> $HOME/.zshrc
# Configure WSL Ubuntu-20.04 default DNS
sudo touch /etc/resolv.conf
sudo chmod 646 /etc/resolv.conf
sudo echo "nameserver 114.114.114.114" > /etc/resolv.conf
sudo chmod 644 /etc/resolv.conf
EOF

重启生效

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# Windows PowerShell下运行 （关闭后重启） WSL
wsl --shutdown

开启新特性

更新到 WSL2 2.0, 配置 .wslconfig 文件开启新特性:

启用镜像网络后，WSL2 和 Windows 主机将使用相同的网络，并且可以通过 localhost 访问本机系统上的服务。这意味着你可以在 WSL2 中访问本机系统上运行的应用程序，以及通过本机系统访问在 WSL2 中运行的应用程序。

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# windows user/fulsun 目录下配置 .wslconfig 文件开启新特性
[experimental]
autoMemoryReclaim=gradual # 开启自动回收内存，可在 gradual, dropcache, disabled 之间选择
networkingMode=mirrored # 开启镜像网络
dnsTunneling=true # 开启 DNS Tunneling
firewall=true # 开启 Windows 防火墙
autoProxy=true # 开启自动同步代理
sparseVhd=true # 开启自动释放 WSL2 虚拟硬盘空间

[wsl2]
# Limits VM memory to use no more than 4 GB, this can be set as whole numbers using GB or MB
memory=8GB
# Sets the VM to use two virtual processors
processors=8

重启 WSL

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# 重启 WSL
wsl --shutdown
wsl -t Name

更新内核

检查 WSL 内核版本： 通过在 PowerShell 中运行以下命令，确保具有最新的内核：

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$ wsl cat /proc/version

Linux version 5.15.153.1-microsoft-standard-WSL2 (root@941d701f84f1) (gcc (GCC) 11.2.0, GNU ld (GNU Binutils) 2.37) #1 SMP Fri Mar 29 23:14:13 UTC 2024

升级内核: https://github.com/microsoft/WSL2-Linux-Kernel,下载最新版本

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git config --global http.postBuffer 5242880000
# 下载源码
git clone https://github.com/microsoft/WSL2-Linux-Kernel.git
git clone https://ghproxy.net/https://github.com/microsoft/WSL2-Linux-Kernel.git
# 查看git tags
git tag
# 检出对应的内核版本
git checkout tags/linux-msft-wsl-6.6.36.3
# 编译内核模块
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sudo apt install build-essential bc flex bison dwarves libssl-dev libelf-dev
# 然后执行以下命令来使用全部线程编译内核:CPU i7-12700F 拥有 12 核 20 线程，所以我可以使用 -j20 选项
# make KCONFIG_CONFIG=Microsoft/config-wsl -j$(nproc)
make KCONFIG_CONFIG=Microsoft/config-wsl -j20
# 途中的编译配置选择一路按回车即可.
# 耐心等待安装完成后，可以在标准输出内找到类似字段。 Kernel： 后的路径即为内核路径。
Kernel: arch/x86/boot/bzImage is ready  (#2)
  DESCEND objtool
  DESCEND bpf/resolve_btfids
  CALL    scripts/checksyscalls.sh
  DEPMOD  /lib/modules/6.1.9-linux-standard-WSL2
  INSTALL /boot

# 编译modules_install 完成后会自动创建软链接
make KCONFIG_CONFIG=Microsoft/config-wsl -j20 modules_install
# DEPMOD  /lib/modules/6.6.36.3-microsoft-standard-WSL2
mkdir -p /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/build
ll /lib/modules/6.6.36.3-microsoft-standard-WSL2
lrwxrwxrwx  1 sun  sun      51 Jul 23 11:36 build -> /home/sun/WSL2-Linux-Kernel-linux-msft-wsl-6.6.36.3/

将其复制到你想要的位置。

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# 注意这个位置应该存在于你的主硬盘而不是 wsl 中
cp arch/x86/boot/bzImage /mnt/d/Linux/CustomKernel/linux-msft-wsl-6.6.36.3
# 然后将文件名改为 kernel
mv /mnt/d/Linux/CustomKernel/linux-msft-wsl-6.6.36.3/bzImage /mnt/d/Linux/CustomKernel/linux-msft-wsl-6.6.36.3/kernel

打开你的用户目录，修改 .wslconfig 文件，在 [wsl2] 标签中添加 kernel 字段，它的值为带有转义反斜杠的 Windows 路径。

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修改 \Users\<UserName>\.wslconfig

[wsl2]
# Specify a custom Linux kernel to use with your installed distros. The default kernel used can be found at https://github.com/microsoft/WSL2-Linux-Kernel
kernel=D:\\Linux\\CustomKernel\\linux-msft-wsl-6.6.36.3\\kernel

# Sets additional kernel parameters, in this case enabling older Linux base images such as Centos 6
# kernelCommandLine = vsyscall=emulate

重启wsl查看内核

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wsl --shutdown
wsl cat /proc/version

➜ uname -a
Linux node1 6.6.36.3-microsoft-standard-WSL2 #1 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Mon Jul 22 17:47:43 CST 2024 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

vim

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apt install vim
if has('mouse')
	set mouse-=a
endif

#复制 vim 配置模版
cp /usr/share/vim/vimrc ~/.vimrc
#开启语法高亮
echo 'syntax on' >> ~/.vimrc
#开启行号显示
echo 'set nu!' >> ~/.vimrc

wsl2备份和还原

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wsl -l -v
Ubuntu (默认)
# 查看运行中的子系统
wsl -l --running
# 运行子系统
wsl --distribution Ubuntu
# 停止子系统
wsl --terminate Ubuntu 或 wsl --shutdown (停止当前子系统)
# 备份子系统（需要先停止才能备份）
wsl --export Ubuntu D:\Ubuntu-22.04.tar

# 卸载子系统
wsl --unregister Ubuntu

# 还原子系统
# wsl --import <Distro> <InstallLocation> <FileName> [Options]
wsl --import Ubuntu 'D:\Program Files\WSL' D:\Ubuntu-22.04.tar

镜像网络

版本要求：

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# 设置 WSL2 为默认分发版本
wsl --set-default-version 2

# 更新子系统内核到较新的版本
wsl --update

# 安装一个你喜欢的 Linux 子系统发行版
# 安装完先启动下子系统，完成第一次初始化，防止某些冲突错误，比如：
# WslRegisterDistribution failed with error: 0x80070057
# wsl --list --online
wsl --install Ubuntu-22.04

配置~\.wslconfig文件，加入以下配置

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# 此 Powershell/Posh/Pwsh 代码块用于创建或打开配置文件 ~\.wslconfig
if (-not (Test-Path -Path "~/.wslconfig")) { New-Item -ItemType File ~/.wslconfig }
pushd ~ ; notepad .wslconfig

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# 推荐的一些配置项如下
[wsl2]                      # 核心配置
autoProxy=false             # 是否强制 WSL2/WSLg 子系统使用 Windows 代理设置（请根据实际需要启用）
dnsTunneling=false          # WSL2/WSLg DNS 代理隧道，以便由 Windows 代理转发 DNS 请求（请根据实际需要启用）
firewall=true               # WSL2/WSLg 子系统的 Windows 防火墙集成，以便 Hyper-V 或者 WPF 能过滤子系统流量（请根据实际需要启用）
guiApplications=true        # 启用 WSLg GUI 图形化程序支持
ipv6=true                   # 启用 IPv6 网络支持
localhostForwarding=true    # 启用 localhost 网络转发支持
memory=4GB                  # 限制 WSL2/WSLg 子系统的最大内存占用
nestedVirtualization=true   # 启用 WSL2/WSLg 子系统嵌套虚拟化功能支持
networkingMode=mirrored     # 启用镜像网络特性支持
#pageReporting=true          # 启用 WSL2/WSLg 子系统页面文件通报，以便 Windows 回收已分配但未使用的内存
processors=8                # 设置 WSL2/WSLg 子系统的逻辑 CPU 核心数为 8（最大肯定没法超过硬件的物理逻辑核心数）
vmIdleTimeout=-1            # WSL2 VM 实例空闲超时关闭时间，-1 为永不关闭，根据参数说明，目前似乎仅适用于 Win11+

[experimental]                  # 实验性功能（按照过往经验，若后续转正，则是配置在上面的 [wsl2] 选节）
autoMemoryReclaim=gradual       # 启用空闲内存自动缓慢回收，其它选项：dropcache / disabled（立即/禁用）
hostAddressLoopback=true        # 启用 WSL2/WSLg 子系统和 Windows 宿主之间的本地回环互通支持
sparseVhd=true                  # 启用 WSL2/WSLg 子系统虚拟硬盘空间自动回收
bestEffortDnsParsing=true       # 和 dnsTunneling 配合使用，Windows 将从 DNS 请求中提取问题并尝试解决该问题，从而忽略未知记录（请根据实际需要启用）
useWindowsDnsCache=false        # 和 dnsTunneling 配合使用，决定是否使用 Windows DNS 缓存池

如果遇到以下任意一个错误，请确保已 Windows 版本符合要求，并且已更新到 Windows Subsystem for Linux 2.0.0+

  • wsl: 此计算机上不支持嵌套虚拟化。
  • wsl: 不支持镜像网络模式，正在回退到 NAT 网络
  • wsl: Hyper-V 防火墙不受支持
  • wsl: DNS 隧道不受支持

另外子系统虚拟硬盘空间自动回收(sparseVhd=true)，需要将 Linux 发行版所使用的虚拟硬盘(VHDX)转换为稀疏格式

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# wsl --manage '<Distro>' --set-sparse true
wsl --manage 'Ubuntu-24.04' --set-sparse true

WSLg/WSL2 子系统内配置/etc/wsl.conf文件，加入以下配置，推荐一并配置 systemd 支持

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# 此配置文件不能通过符号链接配置（软链接和硬链接都不行），只能通过真实副本拷贝
# https://learn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/windows/wsl/wsl-config

[automount]
enabled=true
mountFsTab=true
options="metadata,dmask=0022,fmask=0077,umask=0022"
root=/mnt/

[filesystem]
# umask确定了文件创建时的初始权限,(文件或目录权限为文件目录默认权限减去umask得到初始文件权限，文件初始默认权限为0666，目录为0777,若用户umask为0002,则新创建的文件或目录在没有指定的情况下默认权限分别为0664,0775)
umask=0022

[interop]
enabled=true
appendWindowsPath=false   # 不添加 Windows 环境变量 Path，防止路径变量污染带来的干扰

# 其它网络配置
[network]
generateHosts=true
generateResolvConf=true


# boot command 暂不支持 nohup 后台启动
# command=nohup service cron start >/dev/null 2>&1 &
[boot]
# command=/root/.start.sh
systemd=true